The first error in the log is:
CC [M] /usr/src/lttng-modules-2.3.0/probes/lttng-probe-block.o
In file included from /usr/src/lttng-modules-2.3.0/probes/../instrumentation/events/lttng-module/../../../probes/lttng-events.h:157:0,
from /usr/src/lttng-modules-2.3.0/probes/../instrumentation/events/lttng-module/../../../probes/define_trace.h:148,
from /usr/src/lttng-modules-2.3.0/probes/../instrumentation/events/lttng-module/block.h:877,
from /usr/src/lttng-modules-2.3.0/probes/lttng-probe-block.c:41:
/usr/src/lttng-modules-2.3.0/probes/../instrumentation/events/lttng-module/../../../probes/../instrumentation/events/lttng-module/block.h:240:1: error: conflicting types for ‘trace_block_rq_complete’
include/trace/events/block.h:123:1: note: previous definition of ‘trace_block_rq_complete’ was here
make[3]: *** [/usr/src/lttng-modules-2.3.0/probes/lttng-probe-block.o] Error 1
Interestingly, after removing the incompletely installed lttng-modules, lttng-tools, and lttng-ust (had to remove lttng-tools twice because of another post-removal script failure), lttng-modules installs fine by itself. So I then installed, one at a time, lttng-ust and then lttng-tools. Nearly works, the only bug being that 'lttng list -k' tells me "Kernel tracer not available". This problem remains after I uninstall and reinstall lttng-modules last.
Seems the install synergy between multiple packages is what hurts most here, although there's a remaining problem with lttng-modules.